Earthquakes, volcanoes, land slides: Geodetic contributions and challenges for geodesy

Andrea Donnellan(1)

(1) California Institute of Technology, Mail Stop 300-331, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, United States

Abstract

During the last few decades, geodetic observations of deformation have contributed greatly to our understanding of earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides. We are now able to measure the aseismic deformation of these events. Measurement of deformation has enabled us to discriminate between postseismic processes such as viscoelastic relaxation and fault afterslip, as well as determine time constants for geophysical processes. Scientists have observed pre-slip before landslides. Other researchers have been able to determine depth and volume of magma chambers by measurement of surface uplift. GPS networks, traditional geodetic methods such a leveling and trilateration, and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) have been used to measure crustal deformation. Many of these measurements have been sparse in time or space. Geodesy of the future for improving our understanding of these events will require global systematic measurement of surface deformation. We require dense continuous GPS networks and systematic observations from space with InSAR. The Europeans, Canada, and Japan have all launched InSAR satellites from, which we are learning much about crustal deformation processes. NASA is formulating the DESDynI (Deformation, Ecosystem Structure, and Dynamics of Ice) InSAR/LIDAR mission to globally and systematically study earthquakes, volcanos, and landslides among other processes. The mission is planned to launch in the 2014 timeframe and will operate for five years.